Friday, May 11, 2012

Sixteenth Week Reflection


Thankfulness is the beginning of gratitude. Gratitude is the completion of thankfulness. Thankfulness may consist merely of words. Gratitude is shown in acts. Henri Frederic Amiel

Today we had our last class. It was nice to see everyone once again. We got to hear everyone talk about their Literature Reviews. Everyone had really interesting topics. It would be nice to have the chance to read some of the ones that are still in the works once they are completed. After we talked about our Literature Reviews, everyone stood up and said some nice parting words. We had a little party afterwards. The food was really good. Thanks to everyone for bringing something. I hope I get to see my classmates and professor again in future endeavors. I chose the above quote because I am thankful that we all completed the semester together, everyone was really nice to each other, and everyone had good things to say about each other.


May 11, 2012

A friend should be one in whose understanding and virtue we can equally confide, and whose opinion we can value at once for its justness and its sincerity.
Robert Hall

Today was our last class meeting.  We assessed each others oral presentation on our literature review and everyone did really well. We also went around the class and everyone had a chance to say their final goodbyes.  Again, I will like to thank everyone for the wonderful semester and learning experience.  I will surely take my new knowledge and apply what I learned to my teaching abilities.

The quote above describes the new friends I made throughout this semester and thank you again for your positive comments and at the same time taking the time to read and listen to my experiences despite being a new teacher.  Throughout this course, we confided in one another with our personal experiences and thoughts and respected and valued each other's opinions.

Thank you again and I hope you all enjoy your summer! Oh, and thank you for the wonderful food and drinks! It was delicious!

Saturday, May 5, 2012

Fifteenth Week Reflection



This week in class we talked a little bit more about our Literature Review. We also discussed our LiveText portfolio. The majority of the class time was spent on the Positive Experience Approach (PEA) activity. In this activity everyone was supposed to write a couple of nice things about all of the other members of the class. After this, we cut them into strips and turned them in. The strips were then distributed to each member of the class. Once we received all of our strips, we then stood up and read aloud all of the nice things that our classmates said about us. It was nice to find out what our classmates had to say positive about us.  I think that the PEA activity can be used at the beginning and end of a course. It will help the students to get to know each other better and find out what nice things they have to say about each other. I chose the above quote because it relates to being kind and making other people feel better. We have one more week to go. I am looking to meeting again nice week and having our class party.

Friday, May 4, 2012

April 30-May 4 Reflection

"In learning to know other things, and other minds, we become more intimately acquainted with ourselves, and are to ourselves better worth knowing."

- Philip Gilbert Hamilton

        Today in class we met face to face and it was great seeing my classmates once again after a long month of ongoing learning at our own homes. I chose the quote above because of the interesting and engaging activity we did in class today called PEA (Positive Experience Approach).  The whole concept of PEA was to write two positive things about our classmates.  We then cut the names along with the two positive characteristic into strips and the strips were distributed to each of us.  We then had the opportunity to read what each other had to say about ourselves. I really enjoyed this activity, for one I felt very good about myself based on what my classmates had to say about me.  It was a great picker-uper.  I also enjoyed hearing and learning about my classmates even more.  This PEA activity was very simple, but meaningful and a great way to assess our students.  Like we discussed in class, PEA is an activity that can be done at the beginning of the year to see what the students thought about one another on the first day.  The students can then keep these strips and at the end of the year compare what their classmates had to say about them on the first day to what they had to say  after getting to know one another at the end of the year.
       PEA is also a great way to assess collaboration among group members.  Each group member would say something positive about what each group member did to help make  the project a success.  PEA is also a fun activity to help assess adjective usage, nouns, and sentence structure.  Overall, PEA is one activity I plan to do next year with my students.
      Other than the PEA activity, we also discussed our livetext portfolio and the one major artifact we need to upload which is our Literature review.
       Overall, today was a very productive and positive day.  It was great seeing my wonderful classmates and professor once again.  See you all on Friday!

Friday, April 27, 2012

Fourteenth Week Reflection

Loafing is the most productive part of a writer's life. ~James Norman Hall 

So we are close to the end of the semester. We finished our textbook and all of our Chapter Papers. I have learned a good deal so far from this class. Now the only few assignments left are to complete our Final Reflection, finish our Literature Review, and upload our artifacts to LiveText. I am not concerned with the Final Reflection or the LiveText Portfolio. I am assuming that our Final Reflection will be kind of like our Midterm Reflection. I am more worried about the Literature Review. At least it seems like I am not the only one in this boat. I could not find a lot of information on the original topic that I chose which was the Test of Spoken English (TSE) Test. So I ended up changing my topic to Cloze Tests. I have found enough articles regarding Cloze Tests in general, but a lot of them do not really relate to how they are used with ELLs. Besides the use of the articles that I do have, I guess I will have to use some internet sources to tie this information all together. There are a couple references at the library that I am going to try and check out this week but some of them seem kind of out of date.

I chose the above quote because it seems that I always end up procrastinating when it comes to writing papers. I guess it is just not my favorite thing to do. I have written Literature Reviews before and I usually do well on most of my papers. It is just get started that is the hard part. It is also hard when you cannot find a lot of information on your topic that is relevant to the subject matter you are talking about. Looking at the rubric it just says that it has to be five pages and follow APA format. I am just wondering how many references we need and how current they need to be.

April 23-April 27 Reflection

"Be thankful for each new challenge, because it will build your strength and character." Author Unknown


This week we closed off our final chapter of our book.  I am actually amazed because this is the first book I have ever finished reading throughout my college years. Through the months, we have discussed and read about assessments, creating and evaluating assessments, the importance of assessments, good assessment practice, and grading and evaluations. After submitting our final reaction paper, now that is left is the Livetext portfolio, final reflection, and literature review.  I would have to say the literature review will be one of my greatest challenges.  For one, I forgot how to write a literature review.  Secondly, I don't remember if I ever wrote a literature review. Third, I am still torn between what topic I would like to write about and right now I am looking at ACTFL Oral Proficiency Interview (OPI).  Another topic I am very interested in is the Transitional Bilingual Education (TBE).  Please help me. What do you think?  I chose the quote above because I know the literature review is going to be one of my most challenging assignments, but I will work hard take on the challenge because I know it will help me in the long run and strengthen my research and writing skills.  I can do this!

Thursday, April 26, 2012

Week of April 27th reflection

Research is formalized curiosity. It is poking and prying with a purpose.”   -Zora Neale Hurston


This week we have wrapped up our book and written our last reaction paper.  We have spent a lot of time reading and discussing assessments, their effectiveness and good assessment practice.  Now what is left is our literature review, final self-reflection and our Live Text portfolios.  For me, the literature review is causing me the most trouble.  I have written a literature review before in my research courses, but this one has been really challenging.  I think that is because I have had a hard time pinning down a good topic.  So far I feel like I am as the quote says "poking and prying" without "purpose".  I wanted to research the Versant/ Phonepass because I was interested in the book's mention of its accuracy despite being a computer-scored speaking test.  Unfortunately, I was only able to find a few articles that even mentioned it and most simply used the test as their assessment of choice for very different research.  Now I have expanded my research to include other speaking assessments, but I am having difficulty determining what I am looking for.  I am having a hard time finding resources that refer to the effectiveness of assessments without discussing general standardized tests used or that do not just reference the test as a tool used in other research.  I am making some progress, but I am not as far along as I would like to be and I am starting to get worried.  I know I will finish it, but so far it has me stressed.  I am considering changing my topic once again to the effectiveness of language placement tests.  That may yield more reliable results.   No matter what, I know that I have to make this happen.  And I will.

Monday, April 23, 2012

Chapter 12 Grading and Student Evaluation

"Your school may have done away with winners & losers, but life has not.  In some schools they have abolished failing grades; they will give you as many chances as you want to get the right answer.  That does not bear the slightest resemblance to ANYTHING in real life."  -Bill Gates




I chose this quote today because it relates to the portion of the chapter about grade inflation and how grades can be rendered meaningless if they reflect student effort, behavior, improvement and participation above actual achievement.  

This week's topic of grading and student evaluation was very interesting to me because it forced me to take a hard look at grading.  In teaching preparation courses this is not a topic that is reviewed in-depth and I think that many teachers are left confused about the proper way to evaluate students.  On one hand teachers are told to "focus on the whole child" and schools put a great deal of pressure on students to see that students pass rather than fail.  Too many students produce average work, but receive "A"s.  At Okkodo, where I have been interning this semester, one of the concerns of the accreditation team and a problem that the school administrators and teacher-leaders are tackling, is exactly that:  What are the meaning of grades?  Do they actually reflect student learning and achievement?  How is it possible that we have honors students who are scoring so far below average on the SAT-10?  There is a disconnect and they are working to find answers.  

On the other hand, institutional and societal expectations are such that being a tough grader can cause a teacher trouble: pressure from the principal, pressure from parents, and an understanding that if all schools & teachers are inflating grades and you are not, you are putting students at a competitive disadvantage.  I consider my classes challenging and I am not afraid to give students the grades they earn even if they may be failing grades - or Bs to students who claim that they "always get As".  Most of the time the results resemble a bell curve, but occasionally I will have a class that is very top-heavy or very bottom-heavy.  I do not give extra credit- except a few bonus points here and there for extra effort on projects- and I have very high expectations for my students.  The keys to being a tough teacher without being a hated teacher, I believe, are support and communication.  I give my students review sessions.  I give them my home email address.  If the entire class does poorly on a test, I will re-teach and re-test on the material.  I am available during lunch and try to make myself available after school.  For the most part, my students seem to rise to the challenge of high expectations, and surprise themselves with what they can learn.  I am still figuring out how best to motivate those who give up easily and quit early on. I feel that is an area I could improve upon.  

Grading fairly is a challenge that will be around for a long time.  Culturally, our society needs to change its attitude about educational entitlement and the belief that all students are equally brilliant.  Hard work is an enormous factor in how much a student will learn and achieve in a course.  Hard work, however, is not the same as achievement.  It helps achievement, but achievement must be assessed on its own merits.  Teachers need to be better educated on how to do that well.  

Friday, April 20, 2012

Chapter 12- Grading and Student Evaluation

I could have been a Rhodes Scholar, except for my grades.

This week we discussed about grading and student evaluation. I enjoyed reading the first part of the chapter that explained how ironic it was to spend long hours reading, listening to lectures, notetaking, writing paper, and attending classes are invariable reduced to one of the five letters of the alphabet- A, B, C, D, and F. The first part of the chapter also mentions about different grading systems in schools and institution and especially among teachers. One institution will be generous with A's and others are quite stingy with A's so B's are the next highest.

The chapter also mentions that are educational lives are greatly governed by the grades that are greatly determined by tests reasons why I chose the quote above. A student can be the most brightest and most intelligent student. However, when it comes to tests, the student struggles taking the assessments, they just don't care, or they move to fast and make careless mistakes which affects their test grade. I know a student who is extremely smart in math and can calculate problems quickly, however, on his math tests he scored below an A due to careless mistakes and not wanting to double check work.

The chapter also explains about alternatives to letter grading. I am new to the school system, but according to the book teachers are able to determine what the letter means and how much percentage is labeled in that letter group such as 90-100 is A. Alternative grading may be useful for many of the different types of learners, especially ELLs. The alternative grading may take some time, but when it all comes down we teachers always give a letter grade at the end.

Thursday, April 19, 2012

Thirteenth Week Reflection

I was told that I had to give grades to the students, which I wasn't particularly interested in doing.
Merce Cunningham

This week we learned about grading and student evaluations. The first part of the chapter talked about how we can come up with a letter grade system. Most American schools have the standard A-F system, but often these letter grades are based on various percentiles. The teachers are the ones who decide if an A is a 90-100, a 94-100, etc. It was pointed out in the chapter that often teachers working at the same school often do not use the same grading system. I think that it is important for teachers at the same institution to be on the same page when it comes to grading. This will help the students better understand what constitutes an A, B, etc.

The second part of the chapter talked about different alternatives to letter grades. This is why I chose the above quote. Though most teachers can give various other types of feedback to students, in the end we still have to assign letter grades to all of our students. A lot of teachers find it hard to assign grades to ELLs and SPED students. A lot of the regular teachers just do not find it fair to assign an A to a student who is not performing at grade level even though the student is trying hard and doing the best he or she can with limited English or some sort of a disability. When dealing with ELLs and SPED students, I often tend to grade based more on effort and motivation than on the correct answers.

There are cultural issues also involved in assigning letter grades. A lot of cultures do not see the value of a letter grade. It is also hard for a student to care about their grades if their parents do not even care. We only had three of our sheltered students' parents show up during our last parent-teacher conference. Transportation and work issues can be part of the reasons why so few parents showed up. One year when I was teaching, one of the parents wanted to see me because I mildly scolded her daughter but she did not care to see me about the fact that her daughter was failing my class every quarter. There are also some ELLs and SPED students who do not put forth any effort but believe that they should pass just because of their special population status.

Sunday, April 15, 2012

"One forgets words as one forgets names.  One's vocabulary needs constant fertilizing or it will die."         -Evelyn Waugh


This week we read about grammar and vocabulary assessment.  This quote, while probably meant for native speakers, applies well to the second language classroom.  Just providing students with terms and definitions or grammatical structures and not giving them time to be practiced and absorbed is like introducing someone to thirty people all at once.  A couple of names will stick with the person, but mostly the faces will blur and the names will all run together.  People's names don't matter to a person until those people matter.  The same is true for words.  A teacher has to help the words and structures matter so that they can be remembered.  The "fertilizing" mentioned in the quote can be interpreted to mean practice and formative assessment. 


English is a particularly challenging language for several reasons.  Among these is the greed of the language.  English is constantly stealing and borrowing vocabulary terms and phrases from other languages.  This makes the language rich and interesting, but also complex and confusing- especially for the second language student.  Grammar and vocabulary assessment, also called form-focused assessment is necessary particularly in the beginning of language learning- or at the introduction of specific concepts in language.  Grammar and vocabulary are central to effective communication, but teachers of language must not forget that they are a means not an ends.  Communication and understanding are the goals.  We want students to be able to read, write, listen, and speak effectively.  Proper grammar and a wide vocabulary will help, but there is much more to language than memorizing words and structures.  

Friday, April 13, 2012

Chapter 11- Assessing Grammar and Vocabulary Reflection

"Grammar is a piano I play by ear. All I know about grammar is its power."
- Joan Didion

Grammar and Vocabulary are the key components of communication. The quote above relates to the chapter that was read for the class this week. I believe that the quote explains how students learn grammar is how they are taught at home and at school. ESL students have their own main language and learning a whole new language is like a piano where they would have to concentrate and listen to the right notes, in this case the proper way of speaking. The most meaningful part of the quote is the part about grammar being power. Again, grammar and vocabulary are the main components to communication. If one does not know how to put sentences in complete order or use the right words, there will be a lost of communication between two parties.

This week we learned about assessing grammar and vocabulary and how it could be assessed like the four skills of reading, writing, listening, and speaking. Grammar is the center of language use. The chapter basically discusses about the different methods of assessing grammar and vocabulary as individual tasks. One part of the chapter I learned the most about is the assessment of vocabulary. I learned that when designing vocabulary assessments we as teachers need to clarify our purpose, define the ability we are going to measure, selection of target words, and determining the mode of performance such as vocabulary recognition and comprehension or vocabulary recall.

Twelfth Week Reflection

“So what's the point of using words nobody else knows or can say comfortably? I just don't understand that.”
― Stephen Chbosky

This week we learned about assessing grammar and vocabulary. Grammar and vocabulary are the basic building blocks of any language. We have to learn these before we can properly communicate with other people. Most foreign language courses start out teaching the alphabet, pronunciation, common vocabulary, and basic grammar patterns. As students advance, they learn more vocabulary and more advanced grammar patterns. I think that learning grammar is a lot harder than learning vocabulary. A lot of languages have totally different grammar patterns. Depending on the language, the parts of speech follow a particular order. Some languages have masculine and feminine words along with masculine and feminine particles. Some languages use different counters depending on what is being counted. And some languages have several different verb endings.

This can be very confusing to students especially if they are learning a language that is completely different than their native language. English is actually a very difficult language to learn for a lot of people. It is very complex and native English speakers do not seem to realize this. Growing up speaking English, I just learned the common grammar patterns as I progressed through school. I understand the grammar patterns but when it comes to teaching them it is often hard to explain to my students why there are so many irregularities in English.

I chose the above quote because it reminds me of the fact that no matter how old or educated you are, you will never know many of the vocabulary words used in your native language. I am a native English speaker and I think that I am pretty educated, but I still did not know the majority of the words in the English section of the GRE. There is also the fact that words can become obsolete and new words are being added to the English language everyday. We also need to take into consideration the use of slang and instant messaging acronyms.

Friday, April 6, 2012

Chapter 10 Reflection- Assessing Writing

There is creative reading as well as creative writing.

The author who wrote this quote is quite brilliant. I understand that we expect our students to read properly and write properly, however, I believe that the best time to see their true abilities is to give them a chance to write whatever they feel or write about whatever they choose to write about. It is amazing to read and see the stories children come up with and gives a source of direction of what areas needs work. In my classroom, I observed my students picking up big books and reading it to their classmates. However, they are not reading the words from the book, but making up the story from what they remember what was being read to them. Children's minds are filled with great ideas and creativity and we need to give them a chance to put that in writing or drawing to help them build their schemata and improve in their reading and writing skills.

In class, we discussed ways to assess writing. Writing is a skill and process that I believe is difficult to achieve to perfection. Being a fluent English speaker, I would have to say that my writing can be a bit imperfect. As the chapter explains, every educated child in developed countries learns the rudiments of writing in his or her native language, but very few learn to express themselves clearly with logical, well developed organization to the purpose of writing. Yet, we expect our English language learners to write coherent essays. I believe that we should not put such high expectations on our students if we ourselves are unable to deliver the same expectation. Before we can teach our students how to write we must teach them proper grammar.

Teaching kindergarten and beginning English language learners, I started off with them writing their name. I believe that once they can write their name they will be able to learn how to write more and are off to good start. Being that this is my first year teaching, I am more focused on my students writing legibly and improving their skills in copying words and sentences on the board. Recently, I have been putting sentences that they have read in their storybooks and have them copy the sentences in order on their paper and most importantly in the lines provided because this is one of the skills that most 1st graders now are struggling with. I am seeing great improvement with them writing legibly and putting the words in the proper place of the sentence instead of all over the paper. The last few weeks of the quarter, I would like to try a new task called ordering tasks where my students would be given words and they would have to put the words in order to make a grammatical sentence.

Now, there are many types of written language such as academic writing, job related writing, and personal writing. In today's society, we are practicing writing through facebook, texting, emails, messaging, journals, etc. However, I believe writing in properly is becoming less and less proper with short terms such as "lol" for laugh out loud, "omg" for oh my gosh, or "ttyl" for talk to you later. My instructor use to say "the way a person practices is how they are going to perform" although this may be towards dancing, but this can also be towards all four skills of reading, speaking, writing, and listening. How we practice these skills in our everyday lives shows on our personal or academic work.




Eleventh Week Reflection

Writing comes more easily if you have something to say. ~Sholem Asch

This week we learned about assessing writing. I think that it takes people a very long time to become good writers. Most literate people can write basic sentences and paragraphs, but a lot of people are not necessarily good writers. I am sometimes just astonished by the poor quality of writing that is taken place at the high school and college level. Obviously, I know that I cannot expect my ELLs to be the best writers. A lot of them speak native languages that do not have the same sentence structure as English and some of them are not very literate even in their native language. But native English speakers that I have come across cannot even write simple essays. We have implemented a school wide writing rubric at work just to make sure that everyone is teaching the students the proper way to write. I had a class of college bound students who had no clue how to even do a reference page. I had to take another college English course a few semesters ago, and not that I am the best writer, but there was not a lot of quality work coming from some of the students. I am even surprised at how bad some of the English teachers that I work with write.

I chose the above quote because it reminds me of how I feel sometimes about writing. I really hate to write about topics that I have nothing to talk about. For me, the hardest part of any writing assignment is coming up with a topic that interests me and that I think I can come up with enough ideas to write about it. That is the one thing I do not like about some standardized tests. You get some topic to write about that you really have nothing to say and you are expected to write something decent in a very short time period.

Thursday, April 5, 2012

Chapter 10 Reaction: Assessing Writing

"However great a man's natural talent may be, the act of writing cannot be learned all at once."  
-Jean Jacques Rousseau


The author of this quote is most certainly referring to the art of creative writing and its development, but this quote can also be applied to writing as it exists in the second language classroom.  Writing is complex and learning to write takes time.  There are various levels of writing ability.  At the most basic level writing involves forming letters properly and putting them together to create intelligible words and phrases.   Spelling and phoneme-grapheme correspondence both fall into this level of writing called imitative writing.  At the most involved level, extensive writing, language learners can show not only their ability to form correct sentences, but the ability to appropriately use transitions, to vary vocabulary and structure, and to involves elements of personal style into writing.  


Writing is a process.  Even as an adult native-speaker of English I am aware that my writing is imperfect and I can be unbearably self-conscious when writing in my second language, French.  It is important for me to keep this in mind when I approach writing with my students.  Writing has the added stress of perceived permanence: "What I say will disappear in a moment, but what I write will be there for all to see and judge long after I have written it." 


When teaching ESL to advanced students, the main focus was developing the writing skills of my students.  I had to work with them on vocabulary development, proper grammatical structures, and the concept of the 5 paragraph essay.  The most important part of the class, however, was to help them put all of the pieces together.  This was challenging and admittedly in my first year, I was not as successful as I would have liked to be.  Over time, I found the best way to develop writing was by giving students numerous opportunities to write and taking the time to give some feedback on as many of those writing responses as I could.  Every day they wrote a reflection on a topic of their choosing.  I had them write summaries of the stories they read.  I had them write about what they did over the weekend.  I had them write out responses to questions when they worked in small groups.  For major writing assignments I gave them a choice of two topics or prompts.  They would choose one, brainstorm using a graphic organizer , by jotting down an outline, or free-writing a paragraph response.  From there I would work with them to develop the skeleton of their essay and flesh it out with details and supporting statements.  The process was long and sometimes challenged my patience, but in the end I found the experience to be very rewarding.  In their portfolios I could see how their writing had developed over time and it was impressive.  



Saturday, March 31, 2012

"Once you learn to read, you will be forever free."  -Frederick Douglass


This week we learned about reading assessment.  One of the challenges we face as second language instructors is that students approach a second language with various strengths and weaknesses in their own native language.  Even in a classroom of students who share a primary language, there is great variation in their ability to comprehend and communicate effectively.  This is perhaps most apparent as it relates to reading.  Some students do not read well, some do not like to read, and many of those who do not like to read do not read well.   Passages, books, and texts in a second language add a heavy layer of intimidation and frustration to students who may not be comfortable with reading in their native language.  


Regardless of the backgrounds of our students, reading is an essential skill.  Reading ability gives individuals access to information, ideas, explanations and opinions.   My father used to tell me that if you can read, you can learn to do anything.   Reading permits individuals not only to learn in a school environment, but, more important, to educate themselves.   We need to keep this in mind when teaching  reading to our students and assessing their learning.   Their ability to read will affect their life well beyond our classroom.  As Frederick Douglass said in the quote above, reading opens the world wide open and sets an individual free:  free to learn, free to understand, and free from those who would oppress the ignorant.  



Friday, March 30, 2012

Chapter 9- Assessing Reading Reflection

Books can be dangerous. The best ones should be labeled 'This can change your life'. - Helen Exley

Once a parent hears their child read it is like music to their ears. Personally, when I first heard my students begin reading I was filled with a warm feeling. Seeing their faces gleam with excitement and their confidence when they tell me "I can read!" is the best thing I have ever seen. I chose this quote because I believe it relates to the chapter. Teaching a child how to read and seeing them pick up a book is one major change in their lives. Reading is one important skill I believe is needed to get by in the world. In today's class, we discussed the chapter on assessing reading. I have learned about the many forms of reading such as perceptive, selective, interactive, and extensive. One of my favorite tasks to assess reading is picture cues where the student can read a short description and have to pick the picture that describes what they had just read. This can be turned into a game such as treasure hunt. Assessing reading can be fun and interactive. I would definitely enjoy using the form of perceptive reading such as multiple choice picture cued word, picture cued matching word identification, picture cued true/false sentence identification, and picture cued sentence identification.

Tenth Week Reflection

To read without reflecting is like eating without digesting. ~Edmund Burke

This week we learned about assessing reading. There are various genres of reading that include: academic reading, job-related reading, and personal reading. Most people will come across and have to read examples from all three genres of reading. There are four different types of reading. These are: Perceptive, Selective, Interactive, and Extensive. For the most part, ELLs with beginning English proficiency will start out focusing on Perceptive and Selective reading tasks. As they progress, ELLs will move on to Interactive reading tasks. Once ELLs become more English proficient, they will move on to Extensive reading tasks.

Depending on where the ELL is from, reading might take on a different order. In countries like Japan, things are read up and down from right to left. English is read side to side from left to right. So this can be a challenge for ELLs at first. Students also have to learn how to break up words and sentences depending on punctuation. Words and sentences can also have different meanings depending on what punctuation is used. So it is important to make sure that ELLs know what the various types of punctuation mean and how they are used in sentences.

I chose the about quote because by assessing students in reading, we are having them reflect on what they have read. If we have the students answer questions about what they have read or have them summarize what they have read, they are being made to analyze and understand what they read instead of them just going through the motions of reading.

Saturday, March 17, 2012

I forgot to put in my quote earlier. Here it is now :)

"Everything becomes a little different as soon as it is spoken out loud."  -Hermann Hesse

I am certain that the author of this quote was not thinking about language learning.  This quote, however, really captured for me what it is like to assess speaking and to have one's speaking assessed.  I think the reason that speaking in a language other than one's native language can be even more intimidating than the other language skills- particularly for beginners- is, in part, because speaking is a production skill that we use in our native language without even thinking.  Suddenly in another language we do not feel free.  Speaking, more than anything in language learning can make us feel clumsy and awkward and child-like.  There is no time to look up words in a dictionary when we are having a conversation.  No way to check our grammar or pronunciation until after the "damage" is done.   Our thoughts can be brilliant and composed and articulate, but then our mouth opens and chaos spills out.  Everything becomes different when it is spoken out loud.  In order to properly assess speaking as teachers we need to bear that phenomenon in mind.  We need to give students frequent opportunities to speak in class before they feel that they are being officially assessed.  We need to make them feel comfortable with the vocabulary and grammar and pronunciation through repetition, reading out loud and very simple response solicitations before assessing them on more complex utterances.  We also need to make clear to our classes as a whole that everyone learns at different rates and that no amount of disrespect toward classmates will be tolerated.  All aspects of language need a solid foundation, but speaking also requires an extra layer of confidence-building.  After all, no one wants to feel like an idiot, even if their language skills are extremely limited.  

Friday, March 16, 2012

Reflection for the Week of March 16th

Listening and speaking are skills that are intimately related and are usually used more frequently in day-to-day life than reading and writing.  Speaking assessment, as with listening assessment, involves both micro- and macro-skills and exists in increasingly involved types or levels.  Imitative speaking represents the simplest side of the spectrum and extensive speaking, or monologue sits at the other, complex end.
Speaking is a skill that I frequently assess informally in class through repetition, read-aloud, and solicitation of responses from my students.  When I assess the skill in a more formal fashion, I may have the students conduct simple interviews, create a skit to role-play, or in some other way.  I might have my students play an adapted form of "Guess Who?" or have students direct a blindfolded student partner to an "goal" in the classroom.  The greatest challenge to speaking assessment and speaking in general is getting students over their fear of mistakes.  I try to remain positive and encouraging, to start them with short and simple responses and build them up to being able to say sentences, give directions or ask questions.  I have learned over the years not to correct everything that might be wrong with what they say because if I crush speaking confidence it is very hard to coax up again.  Instead I try to re-model pronunciation or grammar for them.

Chapter 8- Assessing Speaking

"If the child is not learning the way you are teaching, then you must teach in the way the child learns" - Rita Dunn

Today, we discussed Chapter 8 Assessing Speaking. Listening and speaking are two skills that interrelate. Has stated in the previous chapter that the four skills listening, speaking, reading, and writing can be isolated, however, isolating speaking or oral production tasks can be difficult without the use of interaction. I learned that speaking is a productive skill that can be observed. Combined with listening skills, oral production tests become more reliable and valid.

I also learned that there are five types of oral production. The first type is imitative an ability to parrot back or (imitate) words or phrases. The second type is intensive which request for a specific production of speech and read aloud. The third type is responsive which includes interaction and test comprehension, small talk, and greetings followed with follow up questions. The fourth type of oral production task is interactive is somewhat similar to responsive, however, interactive include multiple exchanges and/or multiple participants. Finally, the last type is extensive or a monologue. This oral production task includes speeches, storytelling, and oral presentations. Because I teach in the primary level, I would assess my students oral production and competence using the imitative and responsive tasks.

Speaking is definitely a dominant skill many people use, even sign language is a form of speaking. I have ELL students who enjoy speaking, yet I have one in particular that does not talk unless I am teaching her one-on-one. She is quiet and had me worried that she was not learning anything. One of my classmates mentioned in her reflection that although some students do not speak, does not mean that they are not learning. I would honestly have to agree. The ELL student that refused to answer in a group one day surprised me when I taught her one-on-one. “Jane” I would call her almost brought tears to my eyes when she was able to imitate my sentences, respond to questions, read and sound out words. Speaking is definitely a skill and when combined with the other skills much can be assessed and achieved.

The quote above somewhat relates to what I am experiencing with my ELL learner Jane. Many say there are many teaching methods, but the quote suggests that we take how the student learns and use that to help teach them. "Jane" learns best through drawings and gestures. When I am correcting a sentence I try to use hand gesture to help her remember the sentence and for sounds I show her my mouth movements. This quote is also inspiring because if we can engage and take the interests of our students and implement that into our lessons we will be able to grab their attention, teach them, and spark a new piece of knowledge.

Thursday, March 15, 2012

Ninth Week Reflection

Children have to be educated, but they have also to be left to educate themselves. ~Abbé Dimnet

This week we learned about assessing speaking in the classroom. There are several different ways that speaking can be assessed. For the most part, speaking is our main form of communication. If we are teaching ELLs, we basically do informal assessments of their speaking on a daily basis. Often we provide feedback by just restating what they have said in the correct way. Other ways that we can assess speaking include: role playing, presentations, conferences, and speaking tests.

I chose this quote because it reminds me of how some ELLs go through a silent period. This is typically when an ELL has up to 500 words in their receptive vocabulary but they are not yet speaking. New ELLs will listen attentively and they may even be able to copy words from the board. They will be able to respond to pictures and other visuals. They can understand and duplicate gestures and movements to show comprehension. ELLs at this stage will need much repetition of English. So just because some ELLs are not speaking yet, does not mean that they are not learning anything.

Friday, March 9, 2012

Chapter 7 Reflection- Assessing Listening

Teaching is more than imparting knowledge, it is inspiring change. Learning is more than absorbing facts, it is acquiring understanding.
William Arthur Ward

I believe the quote above relates to what we discussed in class today. Today, we discussed assessing listening and how it corresponds with the other 3 skills, reading, writing, and speaking. We also discussed designing assessment tasks and I realized that many of the different elements we discussed I see happening in my classroom when teaching my ELLs. One assessment is recognizing phonological and morphological elements and this is when students either confuse vowels, consonants, words that end with -ed or -s, and contractions. One example I see happening in my class with my ELLs is distinguishing gender such as her and he and the confusion between vowels. My students are saying the sound of "e" for "i" such as it and eat. What important lesson I learned is that once we notice the mistakes being made, we must gently and calmly fix those errors before it carries on with their learning. Which brings me back to the quote where the teacher helps students gain knowledge and by doing, and we must inspire them.  We must also remember that learning should be fun. Learning should not only be about absorbing facts but also acquiring understanding. And with some time, patience, and the correct correction process we will be able to get our students to understand what is being taught. Teaching in a DI school, a few teachers teach more for the lesson gains and some teach to mastery. My goal is to teach to mastery. I would like my students to understand more of the sounds and how to comprehend stories than to know more and not understand what they just learned.

Week of March 9th Reflection


"The most basic of all human needs is the need to understand and be understood. The best way to understand people is to listen to them."    — Ralph Nichols


I chose this quote because it is important as educators of second language learners to remember how isolating and frustrating it can feel to lack language skills.  It is not easy for our students to learn to understand and be understood, but they are willing to learn we just have to help them.  We need to find ways to help them make connections, give them plenty of opportunities for practice, and praise them even for their modest achievements.  Natural instinct when we don't understand is to be quiet and to hide.  We need to help students step away from that instinct so they can develop the skills they need as quickly as possible.  
In reading this chapter on assessing listening I thought a lot about my students and the many dictations, dialogues, films, and radio broadcasts to which I have exposed them and with which I have assessed them.  More than that though, I couldn't help being reminded of my own language learning both as a student and during my time studying abroad.  My teacher and high school and my professor in college spoke only French to the class so I felt confident going abroad that I would at least be able to understand.  I remember being surprised at how quickly everyone seemed to spoke and how confused I was when I heard slang or vernacular terms.  I remember never wanting to answer the landline at my host family's house because I was afraid that the caller would want to leave a message and- my greatest fear- their phone number.  As insignificant as it may have seemed, the day I picked up the phone and took down a message and phone number without having to ask for numerous repetitions was a huge milestone for me there.  We need to celebrate our student's milestones even if they may seem insignificant.  
When I write an assessment, I try to put myself in the place of the student and be sensitive to their insecurities.  I try to give them an opportunity to show off their strengths even if I also have to assess their weaknesses.  


Eighth Week Reflection

Everything in writing begins with language. Language begins with listening.
Jeanette Winterson

Today in class we talked about how to assess ELLs listening skills. We went over some of the main ideas and looked out some examples of types of questions that can be used in assessing listening. We then broke up into three groups and worked on our collaborative group assignment. Each of the three groups were asked to review certain pages in the chapter and pick out the most important information. We then presented our findings to the rest of the groups. Each of the groups also did a role play of sorts. At the end, we took a group picture to post on our blog.

I can relate to how an ELL feels about listening to a native English speaker. I am sure that they think that we talk too fast. I felt this way when I was learning Japanese. Even after I got somewhat good at Japanese, I still felt like Japanese people spoke way too fast. Out of all of the skills, I definitely think that listening was my worst while studying Japanese. Even on my final exam, that was the section I scored the lowest in. I think that it would take me many more years of studying Japanese to ever get really good at understanding what Japanese people are saying.

I chose this quote because I do think that language begins with listening for the most part. As infants, we hear what others are saying around us and we start to mimic that. If we cannot hear how sounds are made, then we would have a lot harder time pronouncing the sounds correctly. We also need to know a language in order to write it.