ED662 SYLLABUS AND CALENDAR OF EVENTS
Friday, May 11, 2012
Sixteenth Week Reflection
May 11, 2012
Robert Hall
Today was our last class meeting. We assessed each others oral presentation on our literature review and everyone did really well. We also went around the class and everyone had a chance to say their final goodbyes. Again, I will like to thank everyone for the wonderful semester and learning experience. I will surely take my new knowledge and apply what I learned to my teaching abilities.
The quote above describes the new friends I made throughout this semester and thank you again for your positive comments and at the same time taking the time to read and listen to my experiences despite being a new teacher. Throughout this course, we confided in one another with our personal experiences and thoughts and respected and valued each other's opinions.
Thank you again and I hope you all enjoy your summer! Oh, and thank you for the wonderful food and drinks! It was delicious!
Saturday, May 5, 2012
Fifteenth Week Reflection
Friday, May 4, 2012
April 30-May 4 Reflection
PEA is also a great way to assess collaboration among group members. Each group member would say something positive about what each group member did to help make the project a success. PEA is also a fun activity to help assess adjective usage, nouns, and sentence structure. Overall, PEA is one activity I plan to do next year with my students.
Other than the PEA activity, we also discussed our livetext portfolio and the one major artifact we need to upload which is our Literature review.
Overall, today was a very productive and positive day. It was great seeing my wonderful classmates and professor once again. See you all on Friday!
Friday, April 27, 2012
Fourteenth Week Reflection
So we are close to the end of the semester. We finished our textbook and all of our Chapter Papers. I have learned a good deal so far from this class. Now the only few assignments left are to complete our Final Reflection, finish our Literature Review, and upload our artifacts to LiveText. I am not concerned with the Final Reflection or the LiveText Portfolio. I am assuming that our Final Reflection will be kind of like our Midterm Reflection. I am more worried about the Literature Review. At least it seems like I am not the only one in this boat. I could not find a lot of information on the original topic that I chose which was the Test of Spoken English (TSE) Test. So I ended up changing my topic to Cloze Tests. I have found enough articles regarding Cloze Tests in general, but a lot of them do not really relate to how they are used with ELLs. Besides the use of the articles that I do have, I guess I will have to use some internet sources to tie this information all together. There are a couple references at the library that I am going to try and check out this week but some of them seem kind of out of date.
I chose the above quote because it seems that I always end up procrastinating when it comes to writing papers. I guess it is just not my favorite thing to do. I have written Literature Reviews before and I usually do well on most of my papers. It is just get started that is the hard part. It is also hard when you cannot find a lot of information on your topic that is relevant to the subject matter you are talking about. Looking at the rubric it just says that it has to be five pages and follow APA format. I am just wondering how many references we need and how current they need to be.
April 23-April 27 Reflection
This week we closed off our final chapter of our book. I am actually amazed because this is the first book I have ever finished reading throughout my college years. Through the months, we have discussed and read about assessments, creating and evaluating assessments, the importance of assessments, good assessment practice, and grading and evaluations. After submitting our final reaction paper, now that is left is the Livetext portfolio, final reflection, and literature review. I would have to say the literature review will be one of my greatest challenges. For one, I forgot how to write a literature review. Secondly, I don't remember if I ever wrote a literature review. Third, I am still torn between what topic I would like to write about and right now I am looking at ACTFL Oral Proficiency Interview (OPI). Another topic I am very interested in is the Transitional Bilingual Education (TBE). Please help me. What do you think? I chose the quote above because I know the literature review is going to be one of my most challenging assignments, but I will work hard take on the challenge because I know it will help me in the long run and strengthen my research and writing skills. I can do this!
Thursday, April 26, 2012
Week of April 27th reflection
This week we have wrapped up our book and written our last reaction paper. We have spent a lot of time reading and discussing assessments, their effectiveness and good assessment practice. Now what is left is our literature review, final self-reflection and our Live Text portfolios. For me, the literature review is causing me the most trouble. I have written a literature review before in my research courses, but this one has been really challenging. I think that is because I have had a hard time pinning down a good topic. So far I feel like I am as the quote says "poking and prying" without "purpose". I wanted to research the Versant/ Phonepass because I was interested in the book's mention of its accuracy despite being a computer-scored speaking test. Unfortunately, I was only able to find a few articles that even mentioned it and most simply used the test as their assessment of choice for very different research. Now I have expanded my research to include other speaking assessments, but I am having difficulty determining what I am looking for. I am having a hard time finding resources that refer to the effectiveness of assessments without discussing general standardized tests used or that do not just reference the test as a tool used in other research. I am making some progress, but I am not as far along as I would like to be and I am starting to get worried. I know I will finish it, but so far it has me stressed. I am considering changing my topic once again to the effectiveness of language placement tests. That may yield more reliable results. No matter what, I know that I have to make this happen. And I will.
Monday, April 23, 2012
Chapter 12 Grading and Student Evaluation
Friday, April 20, 2012
Chapter 12- Grading and Student Evaluation
Thursday, April 19, 2012
Thirteenth Week Reflection
Merce Cunningham
This week we learned about grading and student evaluations. The first part of the chapter talked about how we can come up with a letter grade system. Most American schools have the standard A-F system, but often these letter grades are based on various percentiles. The teachers are the ones who decide if an A is a 90-100, a 94-100, etc. It was pointed out in the chapter that often teachers working at the same school often do not use the same grading system. I think that it is important for teachers at the same institution to be on the same page when it comes to grading. This will help the students better understand what constitutes an A, B, etc.
The second part of the chapter talked about different alternatives to letter grades. This is why I chose the above quote. Though most teachers can give various other types of feedback to students, in the end we still have to assign letter grades to all of our students. A lot of teachers find it hard to assign grades to ELLs and SPED students. A lot of the regular teachers just do not find it fair to assign an A to a student who is not performing at grade level even though the student is trying hard and doing the best he or she can with limited English or some sort of a disability. When dealing with ELLs and SPED students, I often tend to grade based more on effort and motivation than on the correct answers.
There are cultural issues also involved in assigning letter grades. A lot of cultures do not see the value of a letter grade. It is also hard for a student to care about their grades if their parents do not even care. We only had three of our sheltered students' parents show up during our last parent-teacher conference. Transportation and work issues can be part of the reasons why so few parents showed up. One year when I was teaching, one of the parents wanted to see me because I mildly scolded her daughter but she did not care to see me about the fact that her daughter was failing my class every quarter. There are also some ELLs and SPED students who do not put forth any effort but believe that they should pass just because of their special population status.
Sunday, April 15, 2012
This week we read about grammar and vocabulary assessment. This quote, while probably meant for native speakers, applies well to the second language classroom. Just providing students with terms and definitions or grammatical structures and not giving them time to be practiced and absorbed is like introducing someone to thirty people all at once. A couple of names will stick with the person, but mostly the faces will blur and the names will all run together. People's names don't matter to a person until those people matter. The same is true for words. A teacher has to help the words and structures matter so that they can be remembered. The "fertilizing" mentioned in the quote can be interpreted to mean practice and formative assessment.
English is a particularly challenging language for several reasons. Among these is the greed of the language. English is constantly stealing and borrowing vocabulary terms and phrases from other languages. This makes the language rich and interesting, but also complex and confusing- especially for the second language student. Grammar and vocabulary assessment, also called form-focused assessment is necessary particularly in the beginning of language learning- or at the introduction of specific concepts in language. Grammar and vocabulary are central to effective communication, but teachers of language must not forget that they are a means not an ends. Communication and understanding are the goals. We want students to be able to read, write, listen, and speak effectively. Proper grammar and a wide vocabulary will help, but there is much more to language than memorizing words and structures.
Friday, April 13, 2012
Chapter 11- Assessing Grammar and Vocabulary Reflection
Twelfth Week Reflection
― Stephen Chbosky
This week we learned about assessing grammar and vocabulary. Grammar and vocabulary are the basic building blocks of any language. We have to learn these before we can properly communicate with other people. Most foreign language courses start out teaching the alphabet, pronunciation, common vocabulary, and basic grammar patterns. As students advance, they learn more vocabulary and more advanced grammar patterns. I think that learning grammar is a lot harder than learning vocabulary. A lot of languages have totally different grammar patterns. Depending on the language, the parts of speech follow a particular order. Some languages have masculine and feminine words along with masculine and feminine particles. Some languages use different counters depending on what is being counted. And some languages have several different verb endings.
This can be very confusing to students especially if they are learning a language that is completely different than their native language. English is actually a very difficult language to learn for a lot of people. It is very complex and native English speakers do not seem to realize this. Growing up speaking English, I just learned the common grammar patterns as I progressed through school. I understand the grammar patterns but when it comes to teaching them it is often hard to explain to my students why there are so many irregularities in English.
I chose the above quote because it reminds me of the fact that no matter how old or educated you are, you will never know many of the vocabulary words used in your native language. I am a native English speaker and I think that I am pretty educated, but I still did not know the majority of the words in the English section of the GRE. There is also the fact that words can become obsolete and new words are being added to the English language everyday. We also need to take into consideration the use of slang and instant messaging acronyms.
Friday, April 6, 2012
Chapter 10 Reflection- Assessing Writing
Eleventh Week Reflection
This week we learned about assessing writing. I think that it takes people a very long time to become good writers. Most literate people can write basic sentences and paragraphs, but a lot of people are not necessarily good writers. I am sometimes just astonished by the poor quality of writing that is taken place at the high school and college level. Obviously, I know that I cannot expect my ELLs to be the best writers. A lot of them speak native languages that do not have the same sentence structure as English and some of them are not very literate even in their native language. But native English speakers that I have come across cannot even write simple essays. We have implemented a school wide writing rubric at work just to make sure that everyone is teaching the students the proper way to write. I had a class of college bound students who had no clue how to even do a reference page. I had to take another college English course a few semesters ago, and not that I am the best writer, but there was not a lot of quality work coming from some of the students. I am even surprised at how bad some of the English teachers that I work with write.
I chose the above quote because it reminds me of how I feel sometimes about writing. I really hate to write about topics that I have nothing to talk about. For me, the hardest part of any writing assignment is coming up with a topic that interests me and that I think I can come up with enough ideas to write about it. That is the one thing I do not like about some standardized tests. You get some topic to write about that you really have nothing to say and you are expected to write something decent in a very short time period.
Thursday, April 5, 2012
Chapter 10 Reaction: Assessing Writing
-Jean Jacques Rousseau
The author of this quote is most certainly referring to the art of creative writing and its development, but this quote can also be applied to writing as it exists in the second language classroom. Writing is complex and learning to write takes time. There are various levels of writing ability. At the most basic level writing involves forming letters properly and putting them together to create intelligible words and phrases. Spelling and phoneme-grapheme correspondence both fall into this level of writing called imitative writing. At the most involved level, extensive writing, language learners can show not only their ability to form correct sentences, but the ability to appropriately use transitions, to vary vocabulary and structure, and to involves elements of personal style into writing.
Writing is a process. Even as an adult native-speaker of English I am aware that my writing is imperfect and I can be unbearably self-conscious when writing in my second language, French. It is important for me to keep this in mind when I approach writing with my students. Writing has the added stress of perceived permanence: "What I say will disappear in a moment, but what I write will be there for all to see and judge long after I have written it."
When teaching ESL to advanced students, the main focus was developing the writing skills of my students. I had to work with them on vocabulary development, proper grammatical structures, and the concept of the 5 paragraph essay. The most important part of the class, however, was to help them put all of the pieces together. This was challenging and admittedly in my first year, I was not as successful as I would have liked to be. Over time, I found the best way to develop writing was by giving students numerous opportunities to write and taking the time to give some feedback on as many of those writing responses as I could. Every day they wrote a reflection on a topic of their choosing. I had them write summaries of the stories they read. I had them write about what they did over the weekend. I had them write out responses to questions when they worked in small groups. For major writing assignments I gave them a choice of two topics or prompts. They would choose one, brainstorm using a graphic organizer , by jotting down an outline, or free-writing a paragraph response. From there I would work with them to develop the skeleton of their essay and flesh it out with details and supporting statements. The process was long and sometimes challenged my patience, but in the end I found the experience to be very rewarding. In their portfolios I could see how their writing had developed over time and it was impressive.
Saturday, March 31, 2012
This week we learned about reading assessment. One of the challenges we face as second language instructors is that students approach a second language with various strengths and weaknesses in their own native language. Even in a classroom of students who share a primary language, there is great variation in their ability to comprehend and communicate effectively. This is perhaps most apparent as it relates to reading. Some students do not read well, some do not like to read, and many of those who do not like to read do not read well. Passages, books, and texts in a second language add a heavy layer of intimidation and frustration to students who may not be comfortable with reading in their native language.
Regardless of the backgrounds of our students, reading is an essential skill. Reading ability gives individuals access to information, ideas, explanations and opinions. My father used to tell me that if you can read, you can learn to do anything. Reading permits individuals not only to learn in a school environment, but, more important, to educate themselves. We need to keep this in mind when teaching reading to our students and assessing their learning. Their ability to read will affect their life well beyond our classroom. As Frederick Douglass said in the quote above, reading opens the world wide open and sets an individual free: free to learn, free to understand, and free from those who would oppress the ignorant.
Friday, March 30, 2012
Chapter 9- Assessing Reading Reflection
Tenth Week Reflection
This week we learned about assessing reading. There are various genres of reading that include: academic reading, job-related reading, and personal reading. Most people will come across and have to read examples from all three genres of reading. There are four different types of reading. These are: Perceptive, Selective, Interactive, and Extensive. For the most part, ELLs with beginning English proficiency will start out focusing on Perceptive and Selective reading tasks. As they progress, ELLs will move on to Interactive reading tasks. Once ELLs become more English proficient, they will move on to Extensive reading tasks.
Depending on where the ELL is from, reading might take on a different order. In countries like Japan, things are read up and down from right to left. English is read side to side from left to right. So this can be a challenge for ELLs at first. Students also have to learn how to break up words and sentences depending on punctuation. Words and sentences can also have different meanings depending on what punctuation is used. So it is important to make sure that ELLs know what the various types of punctuation mean and how they are used in sentences.
I chose the about quote because by assessing students in reading, we are having them reflect on what they have read. If we have the students answer questions about what they have read or have them summarize what they have read, they are being made to analyze and understand what they read instead of them just going through the motions of reading.
Saturday, March 17, 2012
I forgot to put in my quote earlier. Here it is now :)
I am certain that the author of this quote was not thinking about language learning. This quote, however, really captured for me what it is like to assess speaking and to have one's speaking assessed. I think the reason that speaking in a language other than one's native language can be even more intimidating than the other language skills- particularly for beginners- is, in part, because speaking is a production skill that we use in our native language without even thinking. Suddenly in another language we do not feel free. Speaking, more than anything in language learning can make us feel clumsy and awkward and child-like. There is no time to look up words in a dictionary when we are having a conversation. No way to check our grammar or pronunciation until after the "damage" is done. Our thoughts can be brilliant and composed and articulate, but then our mouth opens and chaos spills out. Everything becomes different when it is spoken out loud. In order to properly assess speaking as teachers we need to bear that phenomenon in mind. We need to give students frequent opportunities to speak in class before they feel that they are being officially assessed. We need to make them feel comfortable with the vocabulary and grammar and pronunciation through repetition, reading out loud and very simple response solicitations before assessing them on more complex utterances. We also need to make clear to our classes as a whole that everyone learns at different rates and that no amount of disrespect toward classmates will be tolerated. All aspects of language need a solid foundation, but speaking also requires an extra layer of confidence-building. After all, no one wants to feel like an idiot, even if their language skills are extremely limited.
Friday, March 16, 2012
Reflection for the Week of March 16th
Speaking is a skill that I frequently assess informally in class through repetition, read-aloud, and solicitation of responses from my students. When I assess the skill in a more formal fashion, I may have the students conduct simple interviews, create a skit to role-play, or in some other way. I might have my students play an adapted form of "Guess Who?" or have students direct a blindfolded student partner to an "goal" in the classroom. The greatest challenge to speaking assessment and speaking in general is getting students over their fear of mistakes. I try to remain positive and encouraging, to start them with short and simple responses and build them up to being able to say sentences, give directions or ask questions. I have learned over the years not to correct everything that might be wrong with what they say because if I crush speaking confidence it is very hard to coax up again. Instead I try to re-model pronunciation or grammar for them.
Chapter 8- Assessing Speaking
"If the child is not learning the way you are teaching, then you must teach in the way the child learns" - Rita Dunn
Today, we discussed Chapter 8 Assessing Speaking. Listening and speaking are two skills that interrelate. Has stated in the previous chapter that the four skills listening, speaking, reading, and writing can be isolated, however, isolating speaking or oral production tasks can be difficult without the use of interaction. I learned that speaking is a productive skill that can be observed. Combined with listening skills, oral production tests become more reliable and valid.
I also learned that there are five types of oral production. The first type is imitative an ability to parrot back or (imitate) words or phrases. The second type is intensive which request for a specific production of speech and read aloud. The third type is responsive which includes interaction and test comprehension, small talk, and greetings followed with follow up questions. The fourth type of oral production task is interactive is somewhat similar to responsive, however, interactive include multiple exchanges and/or multiple participants. Finally, the last type is extensive or a monologue. This oral production task includes speeches, storytelling, and oral presentations. Because I teach in the primary level, I would assess my students oral production and competence using the imitative and responsive tasks.
The quote above somewhat relates to what I am experiencing with my ELL learner Jane. Many say there are many teaching methods, but the quote suggests that we take how the student learns and use that to help teach them. "Jane" learns best through drawings and gestures. When I am correcting a sentence I try to use hand gesture to help her remember the sentence and for sounds I show her my mouth movements. This quote is also inspiring because if we can engage and take the interests of our students and implement that into our lessons we will be able to grab their attention, teach them, and spark a new piece of knowledge.
Thursday, March 15, 2012
Ninth Week Reflection
This week we learned about assessing speaking in the classroom. There are several different ways that speaking can be assessed. For the most part, speaking is our main form of communication. If we are teaching ELLs, we basically do informal assessments of their speaking on a daily basis. Often we provide feedback by just restating what they have said in the correct way. Other ways that we can assess speaking include: role playing, presentations, conferences, and speaking tests.
I chose this quote because it reminds me of how some ELLs go through a silent period. This is typically when an ELL has up to 500 words in their receptive vocabulary but they are not yet speaking. New ELLs will listen attentively and they may even be able to copy words from the board. They will be able to respond to pictures and other visuals. They can understand and duplicate gestures and movements to show comprehension. ELLs at this stage will need much repetition of English. So just because some ELLs are not speaking yet, does not mean that they are not learning anything.
Friday, March 9, 2012
Chapter 7 Reflection- Assessing Listening
Week of March 9th Reflection
"The most basic of all human needs is the need to understand and be understood. The best way to understand people is to listen to them." — Ralph Nichols
Eighth Week Reflection
Jeanette Winterson
Today in class we talked about how to assess ELLs listening skills. We went over some of the main ideas and looked out some examples of types of questions that can be used in assessing listening. We then broke up into three groups and worked on our collaborative group assignment. Each of the three groups were asked to review certain pages in the chapter and pick out the most important information. We then presented our findings to the rest of the groups. Each of the groups also did a role play of sorts. At the end, we took a group picture to post on our blog.
I can relate to how an ELL feels about listening to a native English speaker. I am sure that they think that we talk too fast. I felt this way when I was learning Japanese. Even after I got somewhat good at Japanese, I still felt like Japanese people spoke way too fast. Out of all of the skills, I definitely think that listening was my worst while studying Japanese. Even on my final exam, that was the section I scored the lowest in. I think that it would take me many more years of studying Japanese to ever get really good at understanding what Japanese people are saying.
I chose this quote because I do think that language begins with listening for the most part. As infants, we hear what others are saying around us and we start to mimic that. If we cannot hear how sounds are made, then we would have a lot harder time pronouncing the sounds correctly. We also need to know a language in order to write it.